mardi 26 juillet 2011

The Way US Residents Get to Work

The Way US Residents Get to Work




You do not wish to know how much time you waste sitting in visitors each and every year. Some studies estimate the fact that average urban commuter consumes 46 minutes going to and from work every day. And that’s only the average: Lots of drivers – and you might be 1 of them – invest much more than an hour obtaining to and from their jobs every day.
How US residents get to work
Click to enlarge
That’s rough, particularly thinking about that most of us do not even wish to be at our jobs on a given working day.
The Texas Transportation Institute reports that U.S. residents invest much more than 4 billion hours in visitors each and every year. They also waste much more than 2.9 billion gallons of fuel every year although stuck in visitors.
The institute provides no studies charting the amount of cuss words that U.S. drivers dispose off throughout their average commutes. The amount, though, should be astounding.
It doesn’t need to be this way. You do not need to fight your method to work every morning. You will find lots of alternatives to the automobile for obtaining to work. Based on where you live, your city might be in front of the game-check out the graphic to observe what your location is.
A few of these are alternatives that you are able to turn to on your own. Other people are ones that you’ll need to rely on your employers to institute.
For example, rather than hopping inside your automobile every morning, why don’t you jump on your bikeinstead? Granted, this isn’t good for all commuters. But numerous of us live close sufficient to our jobs to pedal to work. Not just will this save you gas cash and assist you steer clear of traffic-jam aggravation, it may also assist you shrink your waistline.
And in the event you go through the papers, you no doubt know this: Americans have some severe issues discovering pants that fit them nowadays. A bit of pedal power can assist us all squeeze into our jeans.
In the event you can’t bike to work, try out the train or maybe the bus. Yes, public transportation could be a drag. Individuals smell. Individuals talk loudly with their mobile phones. They blast their iPods. A number of them even clip their fingernails on lengthy train rides into the city.
Traffic jamBut you are able to put up with this. It’s a lot much better than dodging construction employees, potholes and drivers who’re holding breakfast sandwiches in 1 hand and smart phones within the other as they navigate rush-hour visitors.
Besides, taking the train could be a bargain: You won’t need to worry about fuel or hefty parking fees whenever you arrive at work.
The great news is the fact that some commuters are trying to find alternatives. As the infographic connected to this story shows, 8.7 % of U.S. citizens now either walk or bike to work. Needless to say, this amount is dwarfed by the 87.7 % who still drive to work every day, but progress is actually being made.
Companies Require to Pitch In
Workers can make all of the changes they need, but they won’t make a lot of a dent within the nation’s traffic-congestion issue until employers begin performing their share.
Employers can do a great deal to ease congestion. They are able to encourage their employees to work part- or perhaps full-time from house offices. In the end, workers won’t be clogging up roads if their commute only demands them to head up their own living room stairs.
Businesses may also institute flexible beginning times. Traffic jam isn’t helped when everyone’s rushing to get to the office at 9 a.m. Businesses that permit workers to head into the office very early, or late, and after that leave their cubicles accordingly by the end of the day, are performing their component to make rush hourjust a little bit less hellish.
What actions are you taking to totally free up enough space on our nation’s roads? If your response is “nothing,” maybe it’s the perfect time to dust off that bike or get a train schedule.

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mercredi 13 juillet 2011

Tramadol - 10 Things You Should Know

1 - Tramadol is prescribed to treat moderate to moderately severe pain.

Tramadol belongs to the class of drugs known as opiate agonists. Primarily, tramadol works by changing the way the body senses pain. Some people mistakenly believe that tramadol is an NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), but it is not.

2 - Tramadol is available in immediate release and extended release formulations.

Tramadol may be prescribed as an immediate release tablet (50 mg.) or as an extended release tablet (100, 200, or 300 mg.). The extended release tablets are usually reserved for patients with chronic pain who require continuous, long-term treatment. Your doctor will determine the appropriate dosage schedule for you.

3 - Tramadol extended release tablets must be taken whole, not split, chewed or crushed.

It is important to take tramadol properly and to follow prescribing instructions. If taken improperly or in a way that is not recommended, serious side effects and even death can result.

4 - Tramadol can be habit-forming for some people.

Do not take more tramadol than has been prescribed for you. Taking more tramadol or taking it more often can cause dependency on it. You should also not stop taking tramadol without first consulting your doctor. You may experience withdrawal symptoms if you stopped it suddenly. You doctor will likely decrease your dose of tramadol gradually.

5 - Drug interactions are possible with tramadol.

Be aware of the following possible drug interactions:
  • Carbamazepine reduces the effect of tramadol
  • Quinidine increases the concentration of tramadol by 50% to 60%
  • Combining tramadol with an MAO (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) inhibitor or SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) can lead to seizures or other serious side effects.
Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications you are taking.

6 - Tramadol, when combined with certain other substances, can increase central nervous system and respiratory depression.

In other words, breathing may be affected or even stop if tramadol is combined with alcohol, narcotic drugs, anesthetics, tranquilizers, or sedatives.

7 - The use of tramadol during pregnancy should be avoided.

Because the safety of tramadol use during pregnancy has not been established, the medication should not be used during pregnancy. The safe use of tramadol in nursing mothers has also not been established.

8 - Tramadol is usually well-tolerated. Any side effects are usually temporary.

Some of the common side effects associated with tramadol include:
  • nausea
  • constipation
  • dizziness
  • headache
  • drowsiness
  • vomiting
Less common side effects include: itching, sweating, diarrhea, rash, dry mouth, and vertigo. There have been patients who developed seizures after taking tramadol.

9 - A Cochrane Review of tramadol to treat osteoarthritis revealed some small benefit.

The Cochrane Review stated that when tramadol is taken for up to 3 months, there may be decreased pain, improvements in function and stiffness and overall well-being. However, tramadol can cause side effects that are significant enough to require that the patient must stop taking the medication. Risks outweigh benefits for many people who have tried tramadol.

10 - If an overdose of tramadol has occurred, call your local poison control center, or call 911 if it appears to be an emergency situation.

Symptoms of an overdose include decreased pupil size, difficulty breathing or staying awake, unconscious, coma, heart attack, or seizure. Call for help, even if you are unsure about what to do.
Sources:
Tramadol. MedlinePlus. 7/1/2007.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a695011.html>

Tramadol for Osteoarthritis. Cochrane Reviews. Cepeda MS, Camargo F, Zea C, Valencia L. 5/23/2006.
http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005522.html

TRAMADOL BIOGARAN : sa posologie


TRAMADOL BIOGARAN : sa posologie

Comme pour tous les médicaments antalgiques, la posologie du tramadol doit être adaptée à l'intensité de la douleur et à la réponse clinique de chaque patient.

- Douleurs aiguës :

La dose d'attaque est de 100 mg (2 gélules) suivie de 50 ou 100 mg (1 ou 2 gélules) toutes les 4-6 heures sans dépasser 400 mg/24 h (8 gélules).

- Douleurs chroniques :

La dose d'attaque est de 50 ou 100 mg (1 ou 2 gélules) suivie de 50 ou 100 mg (1 ou 2 gélules) toutes les 4-6 heures sans dépasser 400 mg/24 h (8 gélules).

- A partir de 75 ans, il est recommandé d'augmenter l'intervalle entre les prises (toutes les 9 heures).

- En cas d'insuffisance hépatique : réduire la dose unitaire de moitié ou augmenter de 2 fois l'intervalle entre les prises (toutes les 12 heures).

- En cas d'insuffisance rénale : augmenter de 2 fois l'intervalle entre les prises (toutes les 12 heures pour une clairance de la créatinine < 30 ml/min).

Eviter d'utiliser le tramadol si la clairance de la créatinine est < 10 ml/min.

TRAMADOL BIOGARAN : son aspect et forme

Gélule blanche avec inscription T50.

TRAMADOL BIOGARAN : comment ça marche

ANALGESIQUE OPIOIDE, code ATC : N02AX02.

(N : système nerveux central).

- Le tramadol est un analgésique central dont l'efficacité est due à la synergie, aux doses thérapeutiques :

. d'un effet opioïde dû à la fixation sur les récepteurs opioïdes de type µ,

. d'un effet mono-aminergique central dû à une inhibition du recaptage de la noradrénaline et de la sérotonine, mécanisme impliqué dans le contrôle de la transmission nociceptive centrale.

- Comme les autres produits de cette classe, le tramadol possède des propriétés antitussives. Les effets sur le tractus gastro-intestinal sont faibles aux doses thérapeutiques. Les effets dépresseurs respiratoires du tramadol sont moindres que ceux de la morphine. Les études réalisées chez l'animal ont montré un potentiel de dépendance réduit par rapport à celui de la morphine, et un potentiel de tolérance très faible.

What is Tramadol?????

GENERIC NAME: tramadol

BRAND NAME: Ultram, Ultram ER

DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Tramadol is a man-made (synthetic) analgesic (pain reliever). Its exact mechanism of action is unknown but similar morphine. Like morphine, tramadol binds to receptors in the brain (opioid receptors) that are important for transmitting the sensation of pain from throughout the body to. Tramadol, like other narcotics used for the treatment of pain, may be abused. Tramadol is not a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) and does not have the increased risk of stomach ulceration and internal bleeding that can occur with NSAIDs.
PRESCRIPTION: Yes
GENERIC AVAILABLE: Yes
PREPARATIONS: Tablets (immediate release): 50 mg. Tablets (extended release): 100, 200, and 300 mg.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature, 15-30 C (59-86 F). Store in a sealed container.
PRESCRIBED FOR: Tramadol is used in the management of moderate to moderately severe pain. Extended release tablets are used for moderate to moderately severe chronic pain in adults who require continuous treatment for an extended period.
DOSING: The recommended dose of tramadol is 50-100 mg (immediate release tablets) every 4-6 hours as needed for pain. The maximum dose is 400 mg/day. To improve tolerance patients should be started at 25 mg/day, and doses may be increased by 25 mg every 3 days to reach 100 mg/day (25 mg 4 times daily). Thereafter, doses can be increased by 50 mg every 3 days to reach 200 mg day (50 mg 4 times daily). Tramadol may be taken with or without food.
Recommended dose for extended release tablets is 100 mg daily which may be increased by 100 mg every 5 days but not to exceed 300 mg /day. Extended release tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Tegretol XR , Equetro, Carbatrol) reduces the effect of tramadol by increasing its inactivation in the body. Quinidine (Quinaglute, Quinidex) reduces the inactivation of tramadol, thereby increasing the concentration of tramadol by 50%-60%. Combining tramadol with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (for example, Parnate) or selective serotonin inhibitors ((SSRIs, for example, fluoxetine Prozac]) may result in severe side effects such as seizures or a condition called serotonin syndrome.
Tramadol may increase central nervous system and respiratory depression when combined with alcohol, anesthetics, narcotics, tranquilizers or sedative hypnotics.
PREGNANCY: The safety of tramadol during pregnancy has not been established.
NURSING MOTHERS: The safety of tramadol in nursing mothers has not been established.
SIDE EFFECTS: Tramadol is generally well tolerated, and side effects are usually transient. Commonly reported side effects include nausea, constipation, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and vomiting. Less commonly reported side effects include itching, sweating, dry mouth, diarrhea, rash, visual disturbances, and vertigo. Some patients who received tramadol have reported seizures. Abrupt withdrawal of tramadol may result in anxiety, sweating, insomnia, rigors, pain, nausea, diarrhea, tremors, and hallucinations.
Reference: FDA Prescribing Information

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Best Price Tramadol | femafee.net

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things you need to know of painkillers | Elegant Nails

things you need to know of painkillers | Elegant Nails

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Is snorting tramadol more effective than taking it orally? Posted in Tramadol July 13th, 2011 admin. Question by juggalo motha facko: Is snorting tramadol a lot more effective than taking it orally? MMFWCL!!! Best answer: …
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